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Case Sheet Proforma: Breast Lump

4 mn read Case sheet proforma for History taking and Examination of Breast Lump. Name:  Age/Sex:  Occupation:  Socioeconomic Status: Presenting Complaints • Lump in the right/left breast for last………….. months/years. Also Read: TOP BOOKS TO STUDY CLINICAL SURGERY BEST BOOKS TO READ DURING YOUR GENERAL SURGERY RESIDENCY THYROID CASE SHEET PROFORMA UNDERSTANDING SKIN INVOLVEMENT IN CA BREAST: T4B […]

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Benign Breast Diseases: ANDI

2 mn read What is Aberration of Normal Development and Involution (ANDI) ? Aberrations in the Normal Development and Involution of the breast (ANDI) is an all encompassing term that is used to describe a wide spectrum of the benign breast diseases. As the name suggests, it is based on the theory that most of the encountered benign breast […]

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Understanding Skin Involvement in Ca Breast: T4b

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< 1 mn read What is Skin Involvement or T4b ? Edema (including peau d’ orange) or ulceration of the skin of the breast or satellite skin nodules confined to the breast. What is not Skin Involvement or T4b ? Dimpling of the skin and nipple retraction is not considered skin involvement. Skin involvement in breast showing a skin […]

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Mechanism of Metastasis from Ca Breast to Batson’s Plexus and Liver

< 1 mn read How does metastatic lesion from Ca Breast reach vertebrae? The malignant cells from the breast reaches vertebrae via the intercostal veins. The intercostal vein will join the vertebral plexus of the veins. This is also called Batson’s plexus of veins.  The peculiarity of this plexus is that there are no valves and therefore the malignant […]

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What is the accuracy of clinical determination of Axillary lymph node metastasis in Ca Breast?

Posted in Surgery MCQs With Answers

< 1 mn read The clinical stage of breast cancer is determined primarily through physical examination of the skin, breast tissue, and regional lymph nodes (axillary, supraclavicular, and internal mammary). The clinical determination of axillary lymph node metastases has an accuracy of: Only 80% Only 50% Only 33%. Only 10% Answer in the comment section below. Detailed explanation will […]

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Most important prognostic correlate of survival in Ca Breast

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< 1 mn read Worldsurgeryforum.net What is the most important prognostic correlate of disease-free and overall survival in Ca Breast? A) Distant MetastasisB) Size of the tumourC) Skin involvement or Chest fixationD) Axillary lymph node status    Answer in the comment section below. Detailed explanation will be posted.

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Skin Puckering and Peau d orange appearance in Breast Cancer

< 1 mn read A) Puckering/ Skin Retraction B) Peau d’ Orange appearance A) Shows skin retraction/ puckeringMore than 80% of breast cancers show productive fibrosis that involves the epithelial and stromal tissues. With growth of the cancer and invasion of the surrounding breast tissues, the accompanying desmoplastic response entraps and shortens Cooper’s suspensory ligaments to produce a characteristic […]

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What is the reason for puckering or skin retraction in Breast Cancer?

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< 1 mn read A)Puckering in Breast Cancer B)Peau d’ orange appearance   What is the reason for puckering or skin retraction in Breast Cancer?  1) Desmoplastic Response of tumor leading to shortening of cooper’s ligaments 2) Drainage of lymph fluid from the skin is disrupted 3) Direct migration of tumor cells 4) Satellite growth leading to retraction Please leave your answer in […]

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