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H/O Swelling
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Site
-
Duration
-
Onset
-
Progress of the swelling:
-
Associated
-
H/O Pain
-
Site
-
Duration
-
Onset
-
Character: Usually dull-aching
-
Radiation
-
Relieving factors
-
Aggravating factors
-
H/O Difficulty in Swallowing: Solid or liquid
-
H/O Difficulty in breathing
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H/O Hoarseness of Voice
-
H/O Drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis), Absence of sweating of the face (anhidrosis)
R/O Hyperthyroidism
-
H/O Tremors
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H/O Irritability on slight provocation
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H/O Insomnia
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H/O Muscle Weakness
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H/O Bulging of eyes
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Duration
-
Progress
-
History of redness of eye and watering
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History of double vision
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Loss of vision
-
H/O Palpitations
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H/O Ectopic Beats
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H/O Chest pain
-
H/O Breathlessness on exertion
-
H/O Increased sweating
-
H/O Heat intolerance
-
H/O Increased Appetite
-
H/O Weight Loss
-
H/O Increased frequency of passing stools
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H/O Weakness
-
H/O Lethargy
-
H/O Swelling of face
-
H/O Swelling of legs
-
H/O Intolerance to cold
-
H/O Constipation
-
H/O Hair fall (Madarosis- Loss of hair from lateral eyebrows – also seen in Leprosy)
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H/O Loss of Appetite
-
H/O Bone Pain
-
H/O Jaundice/ Abdominal Distension
-
H/O Chest Pain/ Breathlessness/ Cough with Hemoptysis
-
H/O Similar illness in past
-
H/O Irradiation to Neck in Childhood (Radiation Exposure- Papillary Carcinoma)
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H/O DM/HTN/IHD/COPD/BA/Epilepsy
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H/O Smoking
-
Duration
-
No of Cigarettes/ Bidis per day
-
H/O Tobacco chewing
-
H/O Alcoholism
-
H/O Excessive consuming vegetables of Brassica family, cabbages
-
H/O Iodized Salt intake ( Daily RDA: 150 mcg of iodine per person per day, 30-40 mcg iodine/gram of salt is added in iodized salt)
Sweating of Palms
-
Swelling
-
Size
-
Site
-
Extent
-
Shape
-
Margins
-
Surface
-
Lower border seen as such/on swallowing
-
Movement of swelling with deglutition
-
Movement of swelling on protruding tongue (To differentiate Thyroid nodule from Thyroid Cyst)
-
Scars/ Sinuses/ Dilated Veins/ Pulsations
-
Venous prominence over chest wall
-
Eye Signs
-
Bulging of eyes (exopthalmos)
-
Visible upper sclera with upper eyelid spasm (Dalrymple’s sign)
-
Lid Lag (Von Graefe’s Sign)
-
No wrinkling of forehead on looking up (Joffroy’s)
-
No convergence on accomodation (Mobius)
-
Infrequent blinking (Stellwag)
-
Chemosis
-
Eye movements test (Comment on palsy, paralysis of inferior oblique and superior rectus muscle)
-
Pemberton’s sign: Ask the patient to raise both upper limbs above the head and keep it for 2–3 minutes. If retrosternal prolongation is there, patient will have congestion and puffiness in the face with respiratory distress. The Pemberton’s sign is then positive
-
Swelling
-
Temperature over the swelling
-
Tenderness
-
Site, Size, Shape and Extent Confirmed on palpation
-
Surface
-
Margin
-
Consistency: Hard, firm, soft cystic, variegated
-
Any Fixity to Skin, Strap Muscles, SCM, Trachea
-
Mobility from side to side
-
Positions of trachea and larynx
-
Any shifting to either side by the swelling
-
Kocher’s test: Test for tracheal compression: (Not done routinely)
-
The swelling is pressed slightly on either side of trachea. If trachea is already compressed, or if there is tracheomalacia, patient will have stridor
-
Kocher’s test negative (no stridor)
-
Kocher’s test positive (stridor on compression of both lobes)
-
Palpate the carotid pulsation (Berry’s Sign)
-
Carotid pulsation may be felt at normal site (at the anterior border of sternocleidomastoid at the level of the upper border of thyroid cartilage)
-
Carotid pulse is not palpable on the side of the swelling (Berry’s sign positive)
-
Carotid pulse is palpable but is displaced laterally
-
Examination of Cervical Lymph Nodes
-
Examination of all the cervical lymph node groups: If lymph nodes are palpable then describe, which groups of lymph nodes are palpable
-
Number, site, surface, margin, consistency and mobility
-
Percussion over the manubrium sterni
-
Any bruit audible (Heard over Upper pole, in thyrotoxicosis)
Spine and Cranium: No Bony Swellings/ Tenderness
-
Anatomical: Multinodular Goitre / SNG/ Diffuse
-
Pathological: Benign/ Malignant
-
Physiological: Hyperthyroid/ Hypothyroid/ Euthyroid
-
No Complications (Cardiac, Exopthalmos)
-
No Comorbidities
- To confirm the diagnosis
- To R/O and Characterize Retrosternal Extension (if not clear clinically)
- For Staging
- Routine Investigation before surgery
OTHER POSTS ON THYROID SURGERY
https://worldsurgeryforum.net/search/label/Thyroid
LOCALLY ADVANCED PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER WITH LARGE NECK NODES
https://worldsurgeryforum.net/2017/01/a-case-of-locally-advanced-papillary.html
EYE SIGNS IN GRAVES DISEASE
https://worldsurgeryforum.net/2016/06/eye-signs-in-graves-disease.html
THYROIDECTOMY VIDEO WITH STEPS
https://worldsurgeryforum.net/2016/04/thyroidectomy-video-with-steps.html
PHARMACOLOGIC HYPOTHYROIDISM
https://worldsurgeryforum.net/2016/04/pharmacologic-hypothyroidism.html
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF THYROID AND LYMPH NODE LEVELS IN NECK
https://worldsurgeryforum.net/2016/04/lymphatic-drainage-of-thyroid-and-lymph.html
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THYROID
https://worldsurgeryforum.net/2016/04/blood-supply-of-thyroid_1.html
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